id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
32796,3328,106,60,58,2,81,Plant used for the liver and spleen.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 58"
21887,2372,97,127,5,2,81,Roots used as a bitter tonic for the liver.,"Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 5"
11553,1156,259,10,88,2,81,"Infusion of washed, strained fronds taken for gallstones.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 88"
17066,1868,259,10,282,2,81,Infusion of root taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
17087,1873,259,10,282,2,81,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 282"
15137,1648,259,10,253,2,81,Infusion of bark and red elderberry roots taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253"
37913,3658,259,10,209,2,81,Berry juice used for gallstones.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 209"
36836,3567,259,10,199,2,81,Infusion of white roots and cascara bark taken for liver diseases.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 199"
17124,1878,232,12,"87, 88",2,81,Infusion of roots taken for liver trouble or biliousness.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 87, 88"
17965,1999,232,12,77-80,2,81,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 77-80"
35339,3485,232,12,131132,2,81,Decoction of root taken for liver complaints.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131132"
31768,3238,232,12,128,2,81,Decoction of root taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 128"
31699,3231,183,12,126-128,2,81,Decoction of leaf taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 126-128"
31056,3187,183,12,125126,2,81,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
31069,3187,232,12,125126,2,81,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 125126"
20428,2205,232,12,101102,2,81,Poultice of crushed leaves applied for 'gall trouble.',"Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 101102"
36664,3566,39,115,58,2,81,Decoction of seeds and roots taken for liver troubles.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 58"
10361,1028,32,115,47,2,81,Decoction of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 47"
17501,1927,32,115,25,2,81,Infusion of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 25"
43684,4213,30,115,22,2,81,Decoction of plant taken for jaundice.,"Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22"
901,38,149,97,"69, 128",2,81,Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128"
8743,820,62,97,37,2,81,Infusion of roots used to clear up liver spots.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37"
18080,2017,62,97,36,2,81,Roots used for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36"
798,38,62,97,35,2,81,Infusion of plant used for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 35"
35257,3485,62,97,33,2,81,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
35425,3489,62,97,33,2,81,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33"
36672,3566,62,97,31,2,81,Leaves and stems used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31"
16488,1806,154,22,58,2,81,Plant considered an excellent remedy for liver troubles.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 58"
17496,1926,63,22,"30, 76",2,81,Root combined with root of iris versicolor and used for gallstones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
18084,2017,63,22,"30, 76",2,81,Root combined with root of Hydrangea arborescens and used for gallstones.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76"
18085,2017,63,22,30,2,81,Root used for disorders of the liver.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30"
800,38,63,22,"29, 74",2,81,Infusion of whole plant taken for liver disorders.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 29, 74"
35259,3485,63,22,"28, 78",2,81,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 78"
35427,3489,63,22,"28, 78",2,81,Root used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 78"
36677,3566,63,22,26,2,81,Leaves and stems used for jaundice.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26"
7079,575,63,22,25,2,81,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
15082,1647,63,22,25,2,81,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
15188,1655,63,22,25,2,81,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
23480,2531,63,22,25,2,81,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25"
18275,2034,63,22,24,2,81,Decoction of bark taken 'to remove bile from the intestines.',"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 24"
900,38,149,110,269,2,81,Infusion of plant taken for the liver.,"Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269"
15078,1647,59,128,667,2,81,Infusion of wood taken for jaundice.,"Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667"
7535,623,107,79,33,2,81,Infusion of plant used as liver medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
7555,627,107,79,33,2,81,Infusion of plant used as a liver medicine.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
38435,3739,96,49,66,2,81,Decoction of root taken for 'yellow jaundice.',"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 66"
42888,4111,96,49,65,2,81,Decoction of roots taken for kidney and liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 65"
37731,3654,96,49,61,2,81,Infusion of inner bark in whiskey taken for jaundice and to purify the blood.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 61"
35471,3493,96,49,"56, 57",2,81,Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56, 57"
35472,3493,96,49,"56, 57",2,81,Infusion of yellow root in gin taken for jaundice.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56, 57"
43685,4213,30,75,188,2,81,Decoction of roots taken for jaundice.,"Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188"
33847,3412,131,5,65,2,81,"Plant used for torpid liver, cirrhosis of the liver and gallstones.","Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 65"
15731,1707,100,107,96,2,81,Berries considered 'good' for the liver.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
43126,4134,100,107,96,2,81,Berries considered 'good' for the liver.,"Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96"
16257,1781,23,111,45,2,81,Infusion of root taken as a liver aid.,"Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks.  Originally published in 1959, page 45"
17754,1981,134,93,256,2,81,Infusion of leaves used for jaundice.,"Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 256"
16205,1780,23,42,276,2,81,Decoction of root taken for liver trouble.,"McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276"
16206,1780,23,146,56,2,81,Decoction of roots taken for liver troubles.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 56"
18075,2017,56,83,303,2,81,Plant used to increase the flow of bile.,"Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303"
38799,3809,174,56,200,2,81,Decoction of root taken as an emetic 'to remove bile.',"Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200"
39309,3892,100,7,472,2,81,Poultice of smashed leaves applied to body pains caused by too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 472"
38390,3734,100,7,461,2,81,Infusion of flowers taken as an emetic for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38454,3741,100,7,461,2,81,Whole plant used for biliousness and as liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 461"
38432,3737,100,7,460,2,81,Infusion of plants taken for jaundice.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 460"
14468,1579,100,7,456,2,81,Compound infusion of roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 456"
36703,3566,100,7,450,2,81,Infusion of bark taken to vomit up gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 450"
9363,892,100,7,434,2,81,Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434"
17894,1991,100,7,419,2,81,Plant used for the liver.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 419"
3742,296,100,7,415,2,81,Decoction of roots taken as a liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 415"
15764,1715,100,7,414,2,81,Compound used as a liver medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 414"
25372,2733,100,7,395,2,81,Decoction or infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 395"
4121,319,100,7,392,2,81,Compound used for the liver.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 392"
17752,1981,100,7,380,2,81,Compound decoction of plants taken and used as a wash for liverspots.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 380"
33053,3351,100,7,371,2,81,Decoction of inner bark taken for gall caused by diphtheria.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 371"
6999,556,100,7,363,2,81,Infusion of plant taken to concentrate bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 363"
30616,3177,100,7,360,2,81,Decoction of bark taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 360"
1941,111,100,7,357,2,81,Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357"
34700,3461,100,7,356,2,81,Leaves used for removing bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 356"
34484,3453,100,7,355,2,81,Decoction of leaves taken for bile.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 355"
17555,1939,100,7,343,2,81,Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
37191,3588,100,7,343,2,81,Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 343"
36996,3572,100,7,337,2,81,Compound infusion of roots taken as a gall medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 337"
8572,806,100,7,333,2,81,Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit for gall stones.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 333"
18166,2029,100,7,332,2,81,Decoction of whole plant taken for gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 332"
39737,3926,100,7,327,2,81,Compound infusion of roots taken as a gall medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 327"
17517,1928,100,7,324,2,81,"Infusion of powdered root taken for liver trouble, gall, sour stomach and gas.","Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 324"
26830,2931,100,7,317,2,81,Compound infusion of whole roots used for liver sickness.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 317"
14672,1603,100,7,302,2,81,Compound decoction taken for yellow skin and gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302"
18196,2031,100,7,295,2,81,Compound decoction taken for yellow skin and too much gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 295"
28205,2977,100,7,266,2,81,Compound decoction taken for gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 266"
31460,3214,100,7,259,2,81,Used as a liver and rheumatism medicine.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 259"
1574,71,100,7,258,2,81,Decoction of roots taken for the cessation of urine due to gall.,"Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 258"
29509,3105,23,26,67,2,81,Infusion of bark taken for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 67"
11000,1102,23,26,66,2,81,Infusion of cambium taken for liver troubles and related disorders.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66"
748,38,23,26,65,2,81,Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65"
16207,1780,23,30,32,2,81,Infusion taken for the 'liver.',"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32"
25537,2757,32,1,60,2,81,Infusion taken for yellow jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60"
1978,126,32,1,57,2,81,Taken for jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
14968,1640,32,1,57,2,81,Taken for jaundice.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57"
17488,1926,32,1,54,2,81,Infusion of bark given to induce vomiting to 'throw off disordered bile.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 54"
12564,1310,32,1,49,2,81,Cold infusion of bark taken for bile and liver.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49"
2110,141,32,1,47,2,81,Juice taken for 'liver complaints.',"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 47"