id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
44673,4258,193,11,50,1,50,Seeds squeezed out from boiled berries and fed to chickens.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 50"
44477,4244,159,18,18,1,50,Used as horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 18"
44445,4244,111,140,17,1,50,Valued as a fodder for livestock.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
43198,4139,259,33,515,1,50,Plant used as fodder for horses and cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 515"
43189,4139,137,89,362,1,50,Used for fodder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 362"
40820,4037,159,18,17,1,50,Used for horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
40626,4011,259,10,224,1,50,Plant used as food for livestock.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 224"
40624,4011,233,92,64,1,50,Used with timothy as a good feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
40582,3997,159,18,17,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
38869,3823,188,27,22,1,50,Seeds parched and used as a chicken feed.,"Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 22"
38785,3806,111,140,17,1,50,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38784,3806,111,140,17,1,50,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38783,3806,111,140,17,1,50,Foliage was a valuable fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17"
38782,3806,107,79,72,1,50,Grass considered good pony feed.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 72"
38601,3767,175,32,57,1,50,Used as hay for cattle.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 57"
38593,3766,111,140,16,1,50,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38592,3766,111,140,16,1,50,Used as a fodder for horses.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
38513,3755,96,49,64,1,50,Plants used for hog feed.,"Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64"
37166,3586,159,18,25,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed in the spring.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
36356,3554,159,18,25,1,50,Young plants used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
35817,3527,157,141,155,1,50,Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals.,"Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155"
33861,3416,159,18,29,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
32579,3294,228,88,493,1,50,Acorns used as hog food.,"Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole:  Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 493"
29981,3154,111,140,33,1,50,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29980,3154,111,140,33,1,50,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29979,3154,111,140,33,1,50,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29959,3153,111,140,33,1,50,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29931,3152,111,140,33,1,50,Leaves used for fodder.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 33"
29682,3089,125,156,33,1,50,Boughs and bark fed to horses during winter.,"Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 33"
29631,3106,151,73,19,1,50,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29576,3106,23,26,89,1,50,Bark made an excellent winter food for horses.,"Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89"
29575,3106,23,146,28,1,50,Bark fed to horses during the winter.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29535,3105,61,91,360,1,50,"Bark, similar to oats, used for horse feed.","Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 360"
29512,3105,23,146,28,1,50,Bark fed to horses during war parties.,"Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 28"
29385,3098,151,73,19,1,50,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29364,3098,33,30,68,1,50,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29363,3098,33,57,36,1,50,Bark and twigs formerly used to feed horses in winter.,"Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36"
29275,3097,33,30,68,1,50,Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68"
29215,3095,151,73,19,1,50,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
29172,3094,151,73,19,1,50,Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
28667,3030,159,18,17,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
28484,3003,193,11,96,1,50,Herbs used for fodder.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 96"
28385,2999,137,89,388,1,50,Plant used as fodder for cattle.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 388"
27025,2934,255,36,2,1,50,Rotten wood mixed with poque and fed to puppies.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"
26513,2895,107,79,59,1,50,"Plant used as sheep and goat feed, to produce good milk.","Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 59"
26431,2879,233,92,55,1,50,Plant used as feed for cows.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 55"
26356,2873,159,18,33,1,50,"Plants, after harvesting the beans, used as stock feed.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 33"
25663,2770,206,43,123,1,50,Roots mixed with oats to fatten the ponies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 123"
25569,2762,111,140,16,1,50,Used as a valuable fodder plant.,"Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 16"
25565,2760,151,73,5,1,50,"Most valuable forage grass and cultivated for hay, good keeping qualities & high nutritional value.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 5"
25466,2740,159,18,17,1,50,Cut for hay.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
25457,2738,159,18,17,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17"
25204,2712,205,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25201,2712,190,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25198,2712,177,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25185,2711,205,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25181,2711,190,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
25179,2711,177,17,98,1,50,Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98"
24985,2696,206,43,124,1,50,Chopped roots added to oats or other seeds to fatten the ponies.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 124"
24982,2696,205,17,107,1,50,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24980,2696,177,17,107,1,50,Root used to attract horses and catch them. The horses were very fond of the root and would come running if people whistled for them holding the roots in their hands and then could easily be caught.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 107"
24754,2667,151,73,17,1,50,"In times of scarcity, spines were singed off and fed to stock.","Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 17"
23527,2543,15,45,157,1,50,Plant used for hay.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157"
23517,2539,159,18,16,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23515,2538,159,18,16,1,50,"Used for sheep, horse and cow feed.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16"
23412,2519,159,18,25,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 25"
22540,2428,233,92,64,1,50,Used for horse feed.,"Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 64"
22538,2428,159,18,32,1,50,"Plant cultivated, harvested, dried, stacked or stored in hogans and fed to livestock in winter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32"
22438,2417,159,18,41,1,50,"Used for sheep feed, made the meat bitter.","Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
22115,2381,173,20,407,1,50,Roots added to oats to make a pony grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407"
21381,2306,259,33,514,1,50,Used as a fodder for horses and cattle.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514"
21271,2275,65,122,218,1,50,Leaves fed to domesticated animals.,"Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218"
20395,2205,61,139,48,1,50,Seeds used to flavor feed.,"Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48"
20121,2163,137,89,312,1,50,Foliage used as fodder in late summer.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 312"
20077,2160,175,32,55,1,50,Leaves used as bedding and horse feed.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
19930,2137,159,18,29,1,50,Used for sheep and horse feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 29"
19720,2113,173,20,419,1,50,Foliage was specially fed to a pony to make it grow fat.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19714,2112,173,20,419,1,50,Leaves and roots used to put spirit into a pony just before they expected to race him.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
19707,2109,137,89,357,1,50,Cut for hay and used as fodder for horses and cattle.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357"
19534,2099,206,43,122,1,50,Shredded inner bark mixed with oats and fed to horses to make the hide of the animal loose.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 122"
19476,2096,159,18,41,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 41"
19333,2080,89,2,218,1,50,Plant used for horse feed.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 218"
19311,2077,175,32,55,1,50,Used as a good feed for cattle and horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 55"
18677,2058,157,74,19,1,50,Branches cut off and given to the sheep to eat when the snow was deep.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 19"
18373,2044,183,98,53,1,50,Rushes used as food for livestock.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 53"
18364,2042,175,32,38,1,50,Plant used to feed horses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38"
17549,1936,173,20,405,1,50,Roots fed to ponies to make them fatten rapidly.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 405"
17548,1936,173,20,419,1,50,Root chopped and put into pony feed to make them grow fat and have glossy hair.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 419"
17400,1909,137,89,313,1,50,Green grass used for fodder.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 313"
17020,1864,159,18,49,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 49"
16717,1839,159,18,54,1,50,Used for sheep and deer feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16714,1837,159,18,54,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16712,1836,159,18,54,1,50,Used for sheep and goat feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 54"
16666,1832,95,37,96,1,50,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16640,1822,95,37,96,1,50,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
16608,1821,159,18,51,1,50,Used for livestock feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51"
16575,1821,95,37,96,1,50,Used as an important food for summer birds.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96"
15802,1723,107,79,45,1,50,Considered good turkey food.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 45"
14223,1547,159,18,34,1,50,Used for sheep feed.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 34"
13519,1430,210,25,15,1,50,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"
13517,1430,209,25,15,1,50,Used as fodder for horses.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 15"