id,species,tribe,source,pageno,use_category,use_subcategory,notes,rawsource
14197,1538,71,64,184,4,73,"'Female' stems dried, split and inserted into boot welts to seal them.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
14198,1538,71,64,184,4,67,"'Female' stems dried, split and used for weaving.","Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 184"
8056,736,259,10,114,4,73,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
8087,746,259,10,114,4,73,'Swamp hay' softened by rubbing and used as insoles for moccasins.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 114"
13379,1422,151,30,58,4,124,"Abrasive stems used to polish pipes, bows and arrows and formerly used to scrub tins and floors.","Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 58"
15290,1660,173,20,420,4,43,All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15291,1660,173,20,420,4,109,All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
15292,1660,173,20,420,4,51,All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420"
8876,838,137,89,356,4,99,Bark and wood of young sprouts used like thread or woof to twine in and out of twined baskets.,"Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 356"
36148,3551,50,16,249,4,99,Bark braided into rope.,"Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249"
39945,3951,31,25,19,4,73,"Bark coarsely shredded and plaited into skirts, capes and dresses for women.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
31625,3229,89,2,223,4,73,"Bark crushed, rubbed into softness and stuffed into over shoes for warmth.","Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
40085,3951,133,25,19,4,67,Bark cut into narrow strips and woven into mats.,"Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
3811,297,128,24,202,4,73,Bark fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women.,"Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202"
20409,2205,151,73,14,4,51,Bark fibers used as the mesh for snowshoes.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20408,2205,151,73,14,4,67,Bark fibers used as the warp for mats.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20407,2205,151,73,14,4,99,Bark fibers used for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
20406,2205,151,73,14,4,43,Bark fibers used in baskets.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 14"
536,26,266,70,15,4,73,Bark fibers used to make women's skirts.,"Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 15"
9122,860,166,3,227,4,99,"Bark fibers, nettle fibers and dog hair used to make a stronger rope.","Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 227"
39946,3951,31,25,19,4,67,"Bark finely shredded and used as padding for infants' cradles, sanitary pads and towels.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19"
30335,3166,21,53,209,4,43,Bark formerly used for imbricating baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209"
40108,3951,162,30,54,4,91,Bark formerly used to make lean-to shelters while camping.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
5726,407,183,98,119,4,73,Bark frayed and stuffed into moccasins for added warmth.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 119"
31649,3230,95,37,78,4,67,Bark from large stems used as the padding for cradle boards.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
7268,580,206,43,112,4,91,Bark furnished a waterproof cover for the top of the wigwam.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"
7269,580,206,43,112,4,70,Bark furnished the outside cover of the birch bark canoe.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 112"
40028,3951,94,77,57,4,73,Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
40194,3951,209,77,57,4,73,Bark inner fibers formerly used to make clothing.,"Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 57"
37739,3654,202,40,97,4,91,"Bark leaned together, in a circle, to make a house.","Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 97"
7694,667,183,98,46,4,43,Bark made into baskets used for picking huckleberries.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 46"
15327,1663,106,60,32,4,91,Bark made into cordage and tied in a loop to upper ends of poles to make a winterhouse smoke hole.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"
31627,3229,89,2,223,4,67,Bark made into loosely twisted ropes and used to make sleeping mats.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 223"
15333,1663,286,109,420,4,99,Bark made into ropes and used to bound acorn caches.,"Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 420"
36082,3550,41,99,203,4,99,Bark made into string.,"Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203"
30417,3166,259,10,263,4,91,Bark made into twine and used for reinforcement of old suspension bridges.,"Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 263"
12993,1374,259,10,207,4,73,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12995,1374,259,10,207,4,99,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats, bags, capes, skirts and other clothing. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
12996,1374,259,10,207,4,67,"Bark made into two-ply twine and used for twining mats. The bark was peeled off in as long strips as possible in the spring or fall when it was 'kind of dry' and split with a knife (originally of stone).  The grayish outer bark was removed and the inner bark scraped, cleaned and cut into desired widths.  At this stage, it could be dried for future use.  The long, even strands of fresh or dried inner bark, after it had been soaked, could be spun on the bare leg into a strong, two-ply twine used for many different purposes.","Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany:  Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 207"
15328,1663,106,60,32,4,99,Bark make into a twine and used to sting pinyon seeds for winter storage.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 32"
7153,580,21,53,202,4,43,Bark occasionally used to make baskets.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
7154,580,21,53,202,4,70,Bark occasionally used to make canoes.,"Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 202"
36323,3551,259,33,499,4,73,Bark of dead trees used to make capes and aprons.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
36328,3551,259,33,499,4,67,Bark of dead trees used to make mats and fiber blankets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499"
41798,4059,173,20,423,4,102,"Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber.","Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423"
12620,1317,138,51,76,4,99,Bark or twigs used for cordage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 76"
41429,4051,38,15,129,4,91,Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129"
36100,3550,114,25,26,4,99,"Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string.","Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26"
39880,3950,100,116,83,4,94,Bark pieces packed into joints during construction.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 83"
40266,3951,259,33,496,4,67,Bark piled up and used as a bed.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496"
40083,3951,133,3,228,4,73,Bark pounded until soft and made into clothes.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228"
18811,2059,183,98,47,4,73,"Bark rolled into rope, coiled and sewn with sinew to form sandal soles.","Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47"
18812,2059,183,98,47,4,73,Bark rubbed between hands until soft and fibers woven into clothing.,"Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 47"
18658,2058,107,79,48,4,73,Bark rubbed fine and used to make baby clothes.,"Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48"
40275,3951,267,166,153,4,91,Bark sheets used for roofing and tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
26903,2934,58,47,48,4,91,Bark sheets used for roofing on buildings.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
39961,3951,78,166,153,4,91,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40290,3951,278,166,153,4,91,Bark sheets used for roofing.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
39963,3951,78,166,153,4,67,Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40279,3951,267,166,153,4,67,Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
40292,3951,278,166,153,4,67,Bark sheets used for tarpaulins.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 153"
26907,2934,58,47,48,4,67,Bark sheets used for tent flooring.,"Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48"
30413,3166,259,33,497,4,43,Bark softened and used to make baskets.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
30419,3166,259,33,497,4,67,Bark softened and used to make mats.,"Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 497"
9089,860,92,41,33,4,67,Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving blankets.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
9087,860,92,41,33,4,73,Bark softened with special oil and used for weaving capes and other clothing of head chiefs.,"Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 33"
29630,3106,151,73,19,4,99,Bark sometimes employed as cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19"
30387,3166,176,55,40,4,43,Bark split and used to make baskets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30414,3166,259,55,40,4,43,Bark split and used to make baskets.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30388,3166,176,55,40,4,67,Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
30420,3166,259,55,40,4,67,Bark split and used to make mats.,"Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40"
31647,3230,95,82,304,4,73,Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
31648,3230,95,37,78,4,73,Bark spun and woven into kilts worn by the snake priests.,"Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 78"
40381,3959,206,43,114,4,43,Bark string used for fashioning bags.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
40382,3959,206,43,114,4,99,Bark string used for making cordage.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
40383,3959,206,43,114,4,102,Bark string used for sewing the edges of mats.,"Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 114"
7232,580,173,20,416,4,43,Bark stripped and used to make emergency trays or buckets in the woods.,"Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 416"
3882,295,89,2,236,4,73,Bark strips braided and worn as a belt.,"Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 236"
7218,580,139,21,267,4,91,"Bark strips used as the waterproof, top coverings of wigwams.","Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267"
36076,3547,278,166,154,4,99,Bark strips used for cord or rope.,"Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154"
40860,4041,38,15,123,4,91,Bark strips used for wigwam coverings.,"Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 123"
30380,3166,166,3,266,4,43,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 266"
39958,3951,76,30,54,4,43,Bark strips used to make baskets.,"Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54"
41539,4052,139,21,270,4,91,Bark strips used to make sides of the winter wigwam and rainproof roof.,"Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 270"
11446,1132,32,1,37,4,170,Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers.,"Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37"
35678,3520,175,32,136,4,73,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
35822,3527,175,32,136,4,73,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36066,3547,175,32,136,4,73,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
36247,3551,175,32,136,4,73,Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses.,"Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136"
12617,1317,100,59,50,4,99,Bark twisted into cordage.,"Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 50"
11109,1102,175,32,96,4,99,"Bark twisted into rope and used to lash fish traps, raised caches and other structures.","Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 96"
3755,296,151,73,6,4,99,Bark used as a chief source for cordage.,"Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6"
28163,2976,157,74,23,4,91,Bark used as a covering for summer shelters.,"Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23"
18417,2053,106,60,35,4,91,Bark used as a house covering.,"Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 35"
18701,2058,159,18,11,4,91,Bark used as lining in sweat houses.,"Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 11"
31650,3230,95,82,304,4,67,Bark used as padding for the cradle board.,"Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians.  Garland: New York., page 304"
35854,3530,193,11,108,4,67,Bark used as padding in baby cradles.,"Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 108"
27793,2965,24,31,102,4,91,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
28083,2972,24,31,102,4,91,Bark used as roofing material in house construction.,"Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 102"
7276,580,255,36,5,4,91,Bark used as roofing material.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5"
27016,2934,255,36,2,4,91,Bark used as siding and roofing material for steambath houses and other structures.,"Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2"